Insulin is a peptide hormone having 2 chains i.e A-chain & B-chain.it is produced in the β cells of Islets of Langerhans which forms the endocrine part of the pancreas which is primarily an exocrine gland.Endocrine portion accounts for only 2% of the total mass of the pancreas.Within the Islets of Langerhans, βcells constitute 65-80% of all cells.Human insulin has a molecular wt. of about 5806 Da.
Insulin exists as a dimer molecule in acidic to neutral water solution with Zn++ and as a hexamer in neutral solution including 2 Zn++.Major target use of insulin is in
Liver- promotes glycogenesis,protein & fatty acid synthesis,carbohydrate              utilisation,inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
Muscle- promotes membrane permeability and glucose & fatty acid synthesis.
In insulin, 3 disulphide bonds are present,between
A6-A11
A7-B7
A20-B19
Composition of Insulin (A-chain)
Amino Acids Hagfish Porcine Bovine Human  
Neutral 12 15 16 15  
Acidic 06 06 05 06  
Basic 03 - - -  
Total 21 21 21 21
           
Neutral          
Strongly Hydrophilic 04 05 05 05  
Weakly Hydrophilic 07 09 03 04  
Weakly Hydrophobic 01 01 08 06  
           
           


Composition of Insulin (B-chain)
Amino Acids Hagfish Porcine Bovine Human
Neutral 23 22 22 22  
Acidic 03 04 04 04  
Basic 05 04 04 04  
Total 31 30 30 30  
           
Neutral          
Strongly Hydrophilic 10 11 10 10  
Weakly Hydrophilic 07 06 06 07  
Weakly Hydrophobic 06 05 06 05  
           
To know further about insulin formation click,here...
for amino acids of sequence of some known specis,click-->chain-A  chain-B
Molecular wt. of Insulin (Da)
Human -- 5808.42
Chimpanzee -- 5808.42
Rat , Mouse I -- 5808.47
Rat , Mouse II -- 5787.38
Dog -- 5778.39
Cat -- 5757.38
Common Monkey -- 5759.40
Pig -- 5778.39
Cattle -- 5734.34


 
 
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